Hydrogen H 1 Hydrogen Nonmetal 1.00794 Gas 1s1 Cavendish - 1766 |
Helium He 2 Helium Noble Gas 4.002602 Gas 1s2 Janssen - 1868 |
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Lithium Li 3 Lithium Alkali Metal 6.941 Solid [He] 2s1 Arfvedson - 1817 |
Beryllium Be 4 Beryllium Alkaline Earth Metal 9.012182 Solid [He] 2s2 Vaulquelin - 1798 |
Boron B 5 Boron Metalloid 10.811 Solid [He] 2s2 2p1 Gay-Lussac - 1808 |
Carbon C 6 Carbon Nonmetal 12.0107 Solid [He] 2s2 2p2 Prehistoric - |
Nitrogen N 7 Nitrogen Nonmetal 14.0067 Gas [He] 2s2 2p3 Rutherford - 1772 |
Oxygen O 8 Oxygen Nonmetal 15.9994 Gas [He] 2s2 2p4 Priestley/Scheele - 1774 |
Fluorine F 9 Fluorine Halogen 18.9984032 Gas [He] 2s2 2p5 Moissan - 1886 |
Neon Ne 10 Neon Noble Gas 20.1797 Gas [He] 2s2 2p6 Ramsay and Travers - 1898 |
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Sodium Na 11 Sodium Alkali Metal 22.98976928 Solid [Ne] 3s1 Davy - 1807 |
Magnesium Mg 12 Magnesium Alkaline Earth Metal 24.305 Solid [Ne] 3s2 Black - 1755 |
Aluminum Al 13 Aluminum Metal 26.9815386 Solid [Ne] 3s2 3p1 Wšhler - 1827 |
Silicon Si 14 Silicon Metalloid 28.0855 Solid [Ne] 3s2 3p2 Berzelius - 1824 |
Phosphorus P 15 Phosphorus Nonmetal 30.973762 Solid [Ne] 3s2 3p3 BranBrand - 1669 |
Sulfur S 16 Sulfur Nonmetal 32.065 Solid [Ne] 3s2 3p4 Prehistoric - |
Chlorine Cl 17 Chlorine Halogen 35.453 Gas [Ne] 3s2 3p5 Scheele - 1774 |
Argon Ar 18 Argon Noble Gas 39.948 Gas [Ne] 3s2 3p6 Rayleigh and Ramsay - 1894 |
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Potassium K 19 Potassium Alkali Metal 39.0983 Solid [Ar] 4s1 Davy - 1807 |
Calcium Ca 20 Calcium Alkaline Earth Metal 40.078 Solid [Ar] 4s2 Davy - 1808 |
Scandium Sc 21 Scandium Transition Metal 44.955912 Solid [Ar] 3d1 4s2 Nilson - 1878 |
Titanium Ti 22 Titanium Transition Metal 47.867 Solid [Ar] 3d2 4s2 Gregor - 1791 |
Vanadium V 23 Vanadium Transition Metal 50.9415 Solid [Ar] 3d3 4s2 del Rio - 1801 |
Chromium Cr 24 Chromium Transition Metal 51.9961 Solid [Ar] 3d5 4s1 Vauquelin - 1797 |
Manganese Mn 25 Manganese Transition Metal 54.938045 Solid [Ar] 3d5 4s2 Gahn, Scheele - 1774 |
Iron Fe 26 Iron Transition Metal 55.845 Solid [Ar] 3d6 4s2 Prehistoric - |
Cobalt Co 27 Cobalt Transition Metal 58.933195 Solid [Ar] 3d7 4s2 Brandt - 1735 |
Nickel Ni 28 Nickel Transition Metal 58.6934 Solid [Ar] 3d8 4s2 Cronstedt - 1751 |
Copper Cu 29 Copper Transition Metal 63.546 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s1 Prehistoric - |
Zinc Zn 30 Zinc Transition Metal 65.38 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 Prehistoric - |
Gallium Ga 31 Gallium Metal 69.723 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 de Boisbaudran - 1875 |
Germanium Ge 32 Germanium Metalloid 72.64 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 Winkler - 1886 |
Arsenic As 33 Arsenic Metalloid 74.9216 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 Albertus Magnus - 1250 |
Selenium Se 34 Selenium Nonmetal 78.96 Solid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 Berzelius - 1817 |
Bromine Br 35 Bromine Halogen 79.904 Liquid [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 Balard - 1826 |
Krypton Kr 36 Krypton Noble Gas 83.798 Gas [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 Ramsay and Travers - 1898 |
Rubidium Rb 37 Rubidium Alkali Metal 85.4678 Solid [Kr] 5s1 Bunsen and Kirchoff - 1861 |
Strontium Sr 38 Strontium Alkaline Earth Metal 87.62 Solid [Kr] 5s2 Davy - 1808 |
Yttrium Y 39 Yttrium Transition Metal 88.90585 Solid [Kr] 4d1 5s2 Gadolin - 1794 |
Zirconium Zr 40 Zirconium Transition Metal 91.224 Solid [Kr] 4d2 5s2 Klaproth - 1789 |
Niobium Nb 41 Niobium Transition Metal 92.90638 Solid [Kr] 4d4 5s1 Hatchett - 1801 |
Molybdenum Mo 42 Molybdenum Transition Metal 95.96 Solid [Kr] 4d5 5s1 Scheele - 1778 |
Technetium Tc 43 Technetium Transition Metal 98 Artificial [Kr] 4d5 5s2 Perrier and SegrŽ - 1937 |
Ruthenium Ru 44 Ruthenium Transition Metal 101.07 Solid [Kr] 4d7 5s1 Klaus - 1844 |
Rhodium Rh 45 Rhodium Transition Metal 102.9055 Solid [Kr] 4d8 5s1 Wollaston - 1803 |
Palladium Pd 46 Palladium Transition Metal 106.42 Solid [Kr] 4d10 Wollaston - 1803 |
Silver Ag 47 Silver Transition Metal 107.8682 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s1 Prehistoric - |
Cadmium Cd 48 Cadmium Transition Metal 112.411 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 Stromeyer - 1817 |
Indium In 49 Indium Metal 114.818 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 Reich and Richter - 1863 |
Tin Sn 50 Tin Metal 118.71 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 Prehistoric - |
Antimony Sb 51 Antimony Metalloid 121.76 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 Early historic times - |
Tellurium Te 52 Tellurium Metalloid 127.6 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 von Reichenstein - 1782 |
Iodine I 53 Iodine Halogen 126.90447 Solid [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 Courtois - 1811 |
Xenon Xe 54 Xenon Noble Gas 131.293 Gas [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 Ramsay and Travers - 1898 |
Cesium Cs 55 Cesium Alkali Metal 132.9054519 Solid [Xe] 6s1 Bunsen and Kirchoff - 1860 |
Barium Ba 56 Barium Alkaline Earth Metal 137.327 Solid [Xe] 6s2 Davy - 1808 |
Hafnium Hf 72 Hafnium Transition Metal 178.49 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 Coster and von Hevesy - 1923 |
Tantalum Ta 73 Tantalum Transition Metal 180.94788 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 Ekeberg - 1801 |
Wolfram W 74 Wolfram Transition Metal 183.84 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 J. and F. d'Elhuyar - 1783 |
Rhenium Re 75 Rhenium Transition Metal 186.207 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 Noddack, Berg, and Tacke - 1925 |
Osmium Os 76 Osmium Transition Metal 190.23 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 Tennant - 1803 |
Iridium Ir 77 Iridium Transition Metal 192.217 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 Tennant - 1804 |
Platinum Pt 78 Platinum Transition Metal 195.084 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 Ulloa/Wood - 1735 |
Gold Au 79 Gold Transition Metal 196.966569 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Prehistoric - |
Mercury Hg 80 Mercury Transition Metal 200.59 Liquid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 Prehistoric - |
Thallium Tl 81 Thallium Metal 204.3833 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 Crookes - 1861 |
Lead Pb 82 Lead Metal 207.2 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 Prehistoric - |
Bismuth Bi 83 Bismuth Metal 208.9804 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Geoffroy the Younger - 1753 |
Polonium Po 84 Polonium Metalloid 210 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Curie - 1898 |
Astatine At 85 Astatine Noble Gas 210 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 Corson et al. - 1940 |
Radon Rn 86 Radon Alkali Metal 222 Gas [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Dorn - 1900 |
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Francium Fr 87 Francium Alkaline Earth Metal 223 Solid [Rn] 7s1 Perey - 1939 |
Radium Ra 88 Radium Actinide 226 Solid [Rn] 7s2 Pierre and Marie Curie - 1898 |
Rutherfordium Rf 104 Rutherfordium Transactinide 261 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1969 |
Dubnium Db 105 Dubnium Transactinide 262 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1970 |
Seaborgium Sg 106 Seaborgium Transactinide 266 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1974 |
Bohrium Bh 107 Bohrium Transactinide 264 Artificial Armbruster and MŸnzenberg - 1981 |
Hassium Hs 108 Hassium Transactinide 267 Artificial Armbruster and MŸnzenberg - 1983 |
Meitnerium Mt 109 Meitnerium Transactinide 268 Artificial GSI, Darmstadt, West Germany - 1982 |
Darmstadtium Ds 110 Darmstadtium Transactinide 271 Artificial - |
Roentgenium Rg 111 Roentgenium Transactinide 272 Artificial - |
Copernicium Cn 112 Copernicium Transactinide 285 Artificial - |
Ununtrium Uut 113 Ununtrium 284 Artificial - |
Ununquadium Uuq 114 Ununquadium Transactinide 289 Artificial - |
Ununpentium Uup 115 Ununpentium 288 Artificial - |
Ununhexium Uuh 116 Ununhexium Transactinide 292 Artificial - |
Ununseptium Uus 117 Ununseptium 295 Artificial - |
Ununoctium Uuo 118 Ununoctium Noble Gas 294 Artificial - |
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Lanthanum La 57 Lanthanum Lanthanide 138.90547 Solid [Xe] 5d1 6s2 Mosander - 1839 |
Cerium Ce 58 Cerium Lanthanide 140.116 Solid [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 Berzelius - 1803 |
Praseodymium Pr 59 Praseodymium Lanthanide 140.90765 Solid [Xe] 4f3 6s2 von Welsbach - 1885 |
Neodymium Nd 60 Neodymium Lanthanide 144.242 Solid [Xe] 4f4 6s2 von Welsbach - 1885 |
Promethium Pm 61 Promethium Lanthanide 145 Artificial [Xe] 4f5 6s2 Marinsky et al. - 1945 |
Samarium Sm 62 Samarium Lanthanide 150.36 Solid [Xe] 4f6 6s2 Boisbaudran - 1879 |
Europium Eu 63 Europium Lanthanide 151.964 Solid [Xe] 4f7 6s2 Demarcay - 1901 |
Gadolinium Gd 64 Gadolinium Lanthanide 157.25 Solid [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 de Marignac - 1880 |
Terbium Tb 65 Terbium Lanthanide 158.92535 Solid [Xe] 4f9 6s2 Mosander - 1843 |
Dysprosium Dy 66 Dysprosium Lanthanide 162.5 Solid [Xe] 4f10 6s2 de Boisbaudran - 1886 |
Holmium Ho 67 Holmium Lanthanide 164.93032 Solid [Xe] 4f11 6s2 Delafontaine and Soret - 1878 |
Erbium Er 68 Erbium Lanthanide 167.259 Solid [Xe] 4f12 6s2 Mosander - 1843 |
Thulium Tm 69 Thulium Lanthanide 168.93421 Solid [Xe] 4f13 6s2 Cleve - 1879 |
Ytterbium Yb 70 Ytterbium Lanthanide 173.054 Solid [Xe] 4f14 6s2 Marignac - 1878 |
Lutetium Lu 71 Lutetium Lanthanide 174.9668 Solid [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 Urbain/ von Welsbach - 1907 |
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Actinium Ac 89 Actinium Actinide 227 Solid [Rn] 6d1 7s2 Debierne/Giesel - 1899 |
Thorium Th 90 Thorium Actinide 232.03806 Solid [Rn] 6d2 7s2 Berzelius - 1828 |
Protactinium Pa 91 Protactinium Actinide 231.03588 Solid [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 Hahn and Meitner - 1917 |
Uranium U 92 Uranium Actinide 238.02891 Solid [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 Peligot - 1841 |
Neptunium Np 93 Neptunium Actinide 237 Artificial [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 McMillan and Abelson - 1940 |
Plutonium Pu 94 Plutonium Actinide 244 Artificial [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Seaborg et al. - 1940 |
Americium Am 95 Americium Actinide 243 Artificial [Rn] 5f7 7s2 Seaborg et al. - 1944 |
Curium Cm 96 Curium Actinide 247 Artificial Seaborg et al. - 1944 |
Berkelium Bk 97 Berkelium Actinide 247 Artificial Seaborg et al. - 1949 |
Californium Cf 98 Californium Actinide 251 Artificial Seaborg et al. - 1950 |
Einsteinium Es 99 Einsteinium Actinide 252 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1952 |
Fermium Fm 100 Fermium Actinide 257 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1953 |
Mendelevium Md 101 Mendelevium Actinide 258 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1955 |
Nobelium No 102 Nobelium Actinide 259 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1958 |
Lawrencium Lr 103 Lawrencium Actinide 262 Artificial Ghiorso et al. - 1961 |